{"id":329,"date":"2019-02-22T11:55:33","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T10:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/?p=329"},"modified":"2019-02-22T11:55:33","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T10:55:33","slug":"verteilte-systeme-klausurvorbereitung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/?p=329","title":{"rendered":"Verteilte Systeme Klausurvorbereitung"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"transparenzeigenschaften\" class=\"sectionedit1\">1. Transparenzeigenschaften<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\"><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"kommunikationssysteme\" class=\"sectionedit2\">2. Kommunikationssysteme<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level1\">\n<div class=\"li\">ISO OSI<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Wegwahlverfahren<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">statische Wegwahl<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Dijkstra Algorithmus<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">adaptive Wegwahl<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Hot-Potato-Routing<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Backward-Learning<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Vector distance<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">IP-Forward-Algorithmus<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Internetprotokolle<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">IPv4 und IPv6<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">ARP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">ICMP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Fragmentierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">TCP<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">3-way-handshake<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Transmission Control Block<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Anpassung RTT<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">UDP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Ethernet-Frames<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"interprozesskommunikation\" class=\"sectionedit3\">3. Interproze\u00dfkommunikation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">RPC<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Stub \u2192 Ortstransparenz<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">RPC-Semantik \u2192 h\u00e4ngt vom Transportprotokoll ab<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">may be<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">at least once<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">at most once<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Klassifikation<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">RR &#8211; request, response<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">RRA &#8211; request, response, acknowledgement<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Sun RPC<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">XDR (Darstellungsschicht)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">RPC-Bibliothek<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Portmapper<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">rpcgen<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Java RMI<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Stub\/Skeleton \u2192 Remote Reference Layer \u2013 Transport<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">basiert auf Objekt-Serialisierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Registry<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1\">\n<div class=\"li\">VMTP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Gruppenkommunikation<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">IP-Multicast<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">MBone (Truncated Reverse Path Multicasting)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">IGMP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">DVMRP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">IP-in-IP-Tunneling<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Mach<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Microkernel<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Tasks und Threads<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Message Passing und Ports (global eindeutige Portadressen)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Copy-on-Write<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"verteilte_dateisysteme\" class=\"sectionedit4\">4. Verteilte Dateisysteme<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Ziele<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Ortstransparenz<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Performance<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">hohe Verf\u00fcgbarkeit und Fehlertoleranz<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">einfache Erweiterbarkeit\/Skalierbarkeit<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Zugriffsoperationen<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">sequential Read\/Write-Sharing<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">concurrent Read\/Write-Sharing<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Techniken<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Remote Service \u2194 Caching<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">zustandslos \u2194 zustandsbehaftet<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">schreiben<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">write-through<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">write-on-close<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">delayed-write<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">server-initiierte \u2194 client-initiierte Validierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Naming &#8211; logische Dateinamen<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">NFS<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">NFS v2<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">zustandslos<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">client-initiierte Validierung mit Versionsnummern<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">write-through<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">NFS BSD<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">write-on-close bzw. alle 30s<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">TCP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">NFS v3<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">\u201esave asynchronouse write\u201c<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">NFS v4<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">zustandsbehaftet<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Mount und NLMP integriert<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Replikation von Read-only-Daten<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">automount: amd und autofs<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">AFS<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Venus + Vice<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Volumes, Volume Location Database<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">logische Dateinamen<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">zustandsbehaftete Server<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Caching mit client-initiierter Validierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">write-on-close<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">eigenes RPC-System<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Volume Migration<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Sprite<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">globales Dateisystem mit Domains<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Caching mit client-initiierter Validierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">zustandsbehaftete Server<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">delayed write 30s<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">CODA<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Replikationstransparenz<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">disconnected Operation<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">read-one-write-all<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">client-initiierte Validierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">client-initiierte Updates<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Recovery Protokoll f\u00fcr unl\u00f6sbare Konflikte<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"synchronisationstechniken\" class=\"sectionedit5\">5. Synchronisationstechniken<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Happened-Before-Relation<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Vergangenheits-\/Zukunftskegel<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">\u201eEinf\u00fchren einer totalen Ordnung\u201c<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1\">\n<div class=\"li\">zentraler Synchronisationsserver<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Bully-Algorithmen<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Datenkonsistenz wird nicht behandelt<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Probleme bei Netzpartition<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Tokenverfahren<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Logischer Ring\/Token Ring<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">!ToTem<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Token on Demand\/ Tokenwechsel auf Anforderung\/ Floor Passing<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Votierungsverfahren<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Majority Consensus<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">LQ + SQ &gt; S<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">2SQ &gt; S<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Datenkonsistenz auch bei Partitionierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Weighted Voting \u2192 mehr Stimmen f\u00fcr zuverl\u00e4ssige Server<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1\">\n<div class=\"li\">NTP<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Logische Uhren<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Lamports logische Uhr<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">korrekt<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">nicht streng konsistent<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">abcast<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Vektoruhr<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">streng konsistent<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">konsistenter globaler Schnitt l\u00e4sst sich sofort angeben<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">kausal geordneter Multicast &#8211; cbcast<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">Ereignisse im kausalen Zusammenhang haben vergleichbare Vektoruhren<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Komprimierte Vektoruhr<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">\u2192 Offline-Rekonstruktion der Vektorzeit<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Matrixuhr<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Coda Version Vector<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level3\">\n<div class=\"li\">erkennt Konflikte korrekt<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Schnappschussverfahren<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Problem: verlorene, verdoppelte, verwaiste Nachrichten<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Marker Algorithmus<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Fehlerquellen in Verteilten Systemen<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Fail-Stop : 2 Zust\u00e4nde<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Slowdown : 3 Zust\u00e4nde<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Byzantinische Fehler : 4 Zust\u00e4nde<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Verteiltes Commit-Protocol<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Ziel: Maximal sicher<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Recovery: System befindet sich stets in einem wohldefinierten Zustand<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">2 Phase Commit<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">3 Phase Commit<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 id=\"lastverteilung\" class=\"sectionedit6\">6. Lastverteilung<\/h1>\n<div class=\"level1\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Lastmetriken<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">load (Gl\u00e4ttung)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Geschwindigkeitsfaktor im Vergleich zur langsamsten\/schnellsten Maschine<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level1 node\">\n<div class=\"li\">Lastverteilungsstrategien<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">!TopHost<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Schwellwertverfahren<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">probabilistische Verfahren<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">Aufgabe: Selektion + Platzierung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">empf\u00e4nger- vs. sender-initiiert<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">adaptive vs. dynamische Lastverteilung<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"level2\">\n<div class=\"li\">LSF, Condor, Mosix<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Transparenzeigenschaften 2. Kommunikationssysteme ISO OSI Wegwahlverfahren statische Wegwahl Dijkstra Algorithmus adaptive Wegwahl Hot-Potato-Routing Backward-Learning Vector distance IP-Forward-Algorithmus Internetprotokolle IPv4 und IPv6 ARP ICMP Fragmentierung TCP 3-way-handshake Transmission Control Block Anpassung RTT UDP Ethernet-Frames 3. Interproze\u00dfkommunikation RPC Stub \u2192 Ortstransparenz RPC-Semantik \u2192 h\u00e4ngt vom Transportprotokoll ab may be at least once at most once Klassifikation <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/?p=329\">weiterlesen&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-allgemein"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fsr.cs.uni-potsdam.de\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}